Glutamine directly downregulates glutamine synthetase protein levels in mouse C2C12 skeletal muscle myotubes.

FOXO1 activates glutamine synthetase gene in mouse skeletal muscles through a region downstream of 3'-UTR: possible contribution to ammonia detoxification.

Skeletal muscle is a reservoir of energy in the form of protein, which is degraded under catabolic conditions, resulting in the formation of amino acids and ammonia as a byproduct. The expression of FOXO1, a forkhead-type transcription factor, increases during starvation and exercise. In agreement, transgenic FOXO1-Tg mice that overexpress FOXO1 in skeletal muscle exhibit muscle atrophy. The ai...

Dexamethasone regulates glutamine synthetase expression in rat skeletal muscles.

The regulation of glutamine synthetase expression by dexamethasone was studied in rat skeletal muscles. Daily administration of dexamethasone caused striking enhancement of glutamine synthetase activity in plantaris, soleus, and diaphragm muscles. Northern blot analysis revealed that the dexamethasone-mediated increase of glutamine synthetase activity was associated with dramatically increased ...

Direct molecular and spectroscopic evidence for increased ammonia removal capacity of skeletal muscle in acute liver failure.

BACKGROUND/AIMS It has been proposed that, in acute liver failure, skeletal muscle adapts to become the principle organ responsible for removal of blood-borne ammonia by increasing glutamine synthesis, a reaction that is catalyzed by the cytosolic ATP-dependent enzyme glutamine synthetase. To address this issue, glutamine synthetase expression and activities were measured in skeletal muscle of ...

تأثیر عصاره زردچوبه بر جابجایی ناقل غشایی گلوکز، ایزوتایپ IV (Glut4) در سلول‌های تمایز یافته C2C12

Introduction: Curcumin is a major phenolic compound of Curcuma longa, which has long been used in traditional Indian medicine. Recently, curcumin has been reported to have antihyperglycemic activity in animal models. However, the molecular basis of this action has not been adequatedly described. In the present study the antihyperglycemic effect of curcumin was examined using C2C12 myoblast cell...

Biochemical and molecular analysis of glutamine synthetase gene in brassica napus L.